Ownership of all automatic and semi-automatic guns is illegal for Russian civilians. “Traumatic” pistols and revolvers (shooting rubber bullets only) are legal for self-defense, as well as smoothbore longbarreled (80 cm or more) shotguns and rifles for hunting. Both require licenses: a restrictive process which includes a criminal background check plus medical history and psychological evaluations.
The applicant must pay a number of fees, prove a genuine reason for possessing a firearm, and pass a test on firearm laws and safety. If buying hunting weapons, the applicant must purchase and install a secure wall-mounted gun storage safe – which will be verified by a home visit by the police. Each weapon must be registered, during which a sample bullet pattern and cartridge are taken and recorded. Gun owners have to re-apply for a license every five years.